BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?
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Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.
BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, Link 1, Link 2, Link 3) Topeka, Kansas- There were segregated elementary schools which was psychologically harmful to African American children. Oliver Brown and 13 others supported this case and it went to court, where the court ruled against their case. The case eventually went to the supreme court. Delaware- There were many white schools in Delaware but no black ones, black children had to ride nearly 1 hour to get to the closest black school, in Washington. This school had insufficient funding, too many students, to little teachers, and teachers with very little training. South Carolina- The NAACP first challenged the insufficient schooling for African American children in 1947. In 1951 Rev. J.A. DeLaine a local community activists encouraged African American parents to join NAACP in order to challenge the schooling system and eliminate segregated schools, or at least make them equal. Virginia- Dorothy Davis and a group of other students decided to strike against the inadequate school buildings for African Americanes. Soon after the strike the NAACP joined in demainding for new school buildings. It was decided that they would be provided with equal school buildings, but were still denied from the white schools in their area. Washington DC- While on a field trip the group of African Americans were not allowed into the John Phillip Sousa school for whites only, and were forced to return to their inadequate school. A case was brought up against this act saying it violated the the 5th Amendment. MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check Link 1)
Plessy Vs. Ferguson- It misinterpretted the 14th Amendment. Equal protection of laws to all citizens did not include that it was aloud to be segregated.
The 14th Amendment did not say that it was okay for states to decide if schools and other public areas were aloud to be segregated.
Psychological testing showed that segregation negativly affected the mind of an African American child.
The 14th Amendment allowed the government to stop any type of segregation based on race, including segregation of public schools.
MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check Link 1)
The Constitution did not say that both African American children and white children had to attend the same schools
Seperation of Blacks and Whites was a custom to many states, and the states should be able to decide on segregation or not
Segregation was not harmful to Black people
Whites were trying to make the schooling for Blacks equal, but Black children were still living with the effects of slavery in the past.
THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check**Link 1**)
The Supreme court decided to hear the Brown Vs. The Board case in June 1952. They all new the case would be difficult. The judges were split some thought segregation should be stopped, and others thought it should continue, but they both knew that racial integration could be unenforceable. After Chief Justive Fred Vinson died, Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren. Who's unanimous decesion to overturn the Plessy case changed history for America. THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check**Link 1**and Link 2)
The Court eventually decided to state that "Equal Seperation" is not equal at all. Segregation was proven to show psychological affects on black children. There for epereate education facilities are unequal. ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check Link 1)
The decesion of the Brown case was huge, but people did not exactly know how to enforce it. "With all deliberate speed" means with all the speed you can provide. This lack of action gave many whites to form resistance agianst integrating schools. Although some whites did agree with the decision, many didn't and would protest and try as hard as they could to keep schools from integrating. THE IMPACT and LEGACY(Check**Link 1**)
Many African Americans tried to get the decision to become enforced, but America was not ready for this decision, or the resistance many people were creating against this decesion. The whites who protested this slightly underestimated the determination of the many blacks pushing for equality. Fifty years after the Brown decesion, the movement has included much more than just African Americans; but racial and ethnical minorities, people with disabilities, women, and many other groups demanding equality.
What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?
Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.
Topeka, Kansas- There were segregated elementary schools which was psychologically harmful to African American children. Oliver Brown and 13 others supported this case and it went to court, where the court ruled against their case. The case eventually went to the supreme court.
Delaware- There were many white schools in Delaware but no black ones, black children had to ride nearly 1 hour to get to the closest black school, in Washington. This school had insufficient funding, too many students, to little teachers, and teachers with very little training.
South Carolina- The NAACP first challenged the insufficient schooling for African American children in 1947. In 1951 Rev. J.A. DeLaine a local community activists encouraged African American parents to join NAACP in order to challenge the schooling system and eliminate segregated schools, or at least make them equal.
Virginia- Dorothy Davis and a group of other students decided to strike against the inadequate school buildings for African Americanes. Soon after the strike the NAACP joined in demainding for new school buildings. It was decided that they would be provided with equal school buildings, but were still denied from the white schools in their area.
Washington DC- While on a field trip the group of African Americans were not allowed into the John Phillip Sousa school for whites only, and were forced to return to their inadequate school. A case was brought up against this act saying it violated the the 5th Amendment.
MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check Link 1)
- Plessy Vs. Ferguson- It misinterpretted the 14th Amendment. Equal protection of laws to all citizens did not include that it was aloud to be segregated.
- The 14th Amendment did not say that it was okay for states to decide if schools and other public areas were aloud to be segregated.
- Psychological testing showed that segregation negativly affected the mind of an African American child.
- The 14th Amendment allowed the government to stop any type of segregation based on race, including segregation of public schools.
MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check Link 1)- The Constitution did not say that both African American children and white children had to attend the same schools
- Seperation of Blacks and Whites was a custom to many states, and the states should be able to decide on segregation or not
- Segregation was not harmful to Black people
- Whites were trying to make the schooling for Blacks equal, but Black children were still living with the effects of slavery in the past.
THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check **Link 1**)The Supreme court decided to hear the Brown Vs. The Board case in June 1952. They all new the case would be difficult. The judges were split some thought segregation should be stopped, and others thought it should continue, but they both knew that racial integration could be unenforceable. After Chief Justive Fred Vinson died, Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren. Who's unanimous decesion to overturn the Plessy case changed history for America.
THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check **Link 1** and Link 2)
The Court eventually decided to state that "Equal Seperation" is not equal at all. Segregation was proven to show psychological affects on black children. There for epereate education facilities are unequal.
ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check Link 1)
The decesion of the Brown case was huge, but people did not exactly know how to enforce it. "With all deliberate speed" means with all the speed you can provide. This lack of action gave many whites to form resistance agianst integrating schools. Although some whites did agree with the decision, many didn't and would protest and try as hard as they could to keep schools from integrating.
THE IMPACT and LEGACY (Check **Link 1**)
Many African Americans tried to get the decision to become enforced, but America was not ready for this decision, or the resistance many people were creating against this decesion. The whites who protested this slightly underestimated the determination of the many blacks pushing for equality. Fifty years after the Brown decesion, the movement has included much more than just African Americans; but racial and ethnical minorities, people with disabilities, women, and many other groups demanding equality.